Absorption of calcium from carbonate in patients with achlorhydria was significantly lower than in the normal subjects and was lower than absorption from citrate in either group. The amount of calcium absorbed in the intestine depends on habitual calcium intake. Adequate intestinal absorption of calcium is a major factor for m. Other factors also affect calcium absorption including the following. Gastric acid, calcium absorption, and their impact on bone.
It has been hypothesized that since gastric acidity is required for vitamin b 12 absorption, acid suppression may lead to malabsorption and ultimately vitamin b 12 deficiency from atrophic gastritis and achlorhydria howden, 2000. Summary we examined the effect of llactic acid on calcium. Inadequate calcium intake for longer duration is responsible for osteopenia and osteoporosis. As the cytosolic concentration of free calcium is kept at a constant low level with typical concentrations of. Gastric acid, calcium absorption, and their impact on bone health. Achlorhydria or hypochlorhydria refer to conditions in which production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach is respectively absent or reduced. Indian council of medical research icmr recommends 600800 mgday of calcium which increases to 1200 mgday in pregnant and lactating mothers.
Calcium absorption and achlorhydria creighton university. Inhibiting gastric acid production does not affect intestinal calcium. Proton pump inhibitors and risk of vitamin and mineral. Absorption of calcium carbonate in the fasting state has been reported to be. Key words achlorhydria, atrophic gastritis, calcium carbonate, calcium salt. Intestinal calcium absorption was measured using dualstable calcium isotopes at the end of.
Defective absorption of calcium has been thought to exist in patients with achlorhydria. Achlorhydria and pernicious anemia occurring as part of the apss are associated. I compared absorption of calcium in its carbonate form with that in a phadjusted citrate form in a group of 11 fasting patients with achlorhydria and in 9 fasting normal subjects. Although it is logical to presume that gastric acidity. Most studies on the absorption of calcium salts have been done in subjects or. Pdf calcium balance is essential for a multitude of physiological processes, ranging from cell signaling to maintenance of bone. Pdf gastric acid, calcium absorption, and their impact on bone. When intake is low, active transcellular calcium transport in the duodenum is upregulated and a larger proportion of calcium is absorbed by the active process than by the passive paracellular process that prevails in the jejunum and ileum. Calcium citrate is also useful for people with achlorhydria, inflammatory bowel disease, or absorption disorders. Nutritional aspects of calcium absorption the journal of. To conduct active transcellular calcium absorption, the enterocyte has to be equipped with an apical calcium entry pathway, a mechanism for cytosolic calcium shuttling, and a basolateral calcium exit pathway.